MySQL Reference Manual for version 3.23.5-alpha.



	Sommaire complet [Sommaire court] 1 General Information about MySQL 1.1 What is MySQL? 1.2 About this manual 1.2.1 Conventions used in this manual 1.3 History of MySQL 1.4 The main features of MySQL 1.5 How stable is MySQL? 1.6 Year 2000 compliance 1.7 General SQL information and tutorials 1.8 Useful MySQL-related links 2 MySQL mailing lists and how to ask questions or report errors (bugs) 2.1 The MySQL mailing lists 2.2 Asking questions or reporting bugs 2.3 How to report bugs or problems 2.4 Guidelines for answering questions on the mailing list 3 MySQL licensing and support 3.1 MySQL licensing policy 3.2 Copyrights used by MySQL 3.2.1 Possible future copyright changes 3.3 Distributing MySQL commercially 3.4 Example licensing situations 3.4.1 Selling products that use MySQL 3.4.2 Selling MySQL-related services 3.4.3 ISP MySQL services 3.4.4 Running a web server using MySQL 3.5 MySQL licensing and support costs 3.5.1 Payment information 3.5.2 Contact information 3.6 Types of commercial support 3.6.1 Basic email support 3.6.2 Extended email support 3.6.3 Login support 3.6.4 Extended login support 4 Installing MySQL 4.1 How to get MySQL 4.2 Operating systems supported by MySQL 4.3 Which MySQL version to use 4.4 How and when updates are released 4.5 Installation layouts 4.6 Installing a MySQL binary distribution 4.6.1 Linux RPM notes 4.6.2 Building client programs 4.6.3 System-specific issues 4.6.3.1 Linux notes 4.6.3.2 HP-UX notes 4.7 Installing a MySQL source distribution 4.7.1 Quick installation overview 4.7.2 Applying patches 4.7.3 Typical `configure` options 4.8 Problems compiling? 4.9 MIT-pthreads notes 4.10 Perl installation comments 4.10.1 Installing Perl on Unix 4.10.2 Installing ActiveState Perl on Win32 4.10.3 Installing the MySQL Perl distribution on Win32 4.10.4 Problems using the Perl `DBI`/`DBD` interface 4.11 System-specific issues 4.11.1 Solaris notes 4.11.2 Solaris 2.7 notes 4.11.3 Solaris x86 notes 4.11.4 SunOS 4 notes 4.11.5 Linux notes (all Linux versions) 4.11.5.1 Linux-x86 notes 4.11.5.2 RedHat 5.0 notes 4.11.5.3 RedHat 5.1 notes 4.11.5.4 Linux-SPARC notes 4.11.5.5 Linux-Alpha notes 4.11.5.6 MkLinux notes 4.11.5.7 Qube2 Linux notes 4.11.6 Alpha-DEC-Unix notes 4.11.7 Alpha-DEC-OSF1 notes 4.11.8 SGI-Irix notes 4.11.9 FreeBSD notes 4.11.10 NetBSD notes 4.11.11 BSD/OS notes 4.11.11.1 BSD/OS 2.x notes 4.11.11.2 BSD/OS 3.x notes 4.11.11.3 BSD/OS 4.x notes 4.11.12 SCO notes 4.11.13 SCO Unixware 7.0 notes 4.11.14 IBM-AIX notes 4.11.15 HP-UX notes 4.12 Win32 notes 4.12.1 Installing MySQL on Win32 4.12.2 Starting MySQL on Win95 / Win98 4.12.3 Starting MySQL on NT 4.12.4 Running MySQL on Win32 4.12.5 Connecting to a remote MySQL from Win32 with SSH 4.12.6 MySQL-Win32 compared to Unix MySQL 4.13 OS/2 notes 4.14 TcX binaries 4.15 Post-installation setup and testing 4.15.1 Problems running `mysql_install_db` 4.15.2 Problems starting the MySQL server 4.15.3 Starting and stopping MySQL automatically 4.15.4 Option files 4.16 Is there anything special to do when upgrading/downgrading MySQL? 4.16.1 Upgrading from a 3.22 version to 3.23 4.16.2 Upgrading from a 3.21 version to 3.22 4.16.3 Upgrading from a 3.20 version to 3.21 4.16.4 Upgrading to another architecture 5 How standards-compatible is MySQL? 5.1 MySQL extensions to ANSI SQL92 5.2 MySQL differences compared to ANSI SQL92 5.3 Functionality missing from MySQL 5.3.1 Sub-selects 5.3.2 `SELECT INTO TABLE` 5.3.3 Transactions 5.3.4 Stored procedures and triggers 5.3.5 Foreign Keys 5.3.5.1 Reasons NOT to use foreign keys 5.3.6 Views 5.3.7 `--' as the start of a comment 5.4 What standards does MySQL follow? 5.5 How to cope without `COMMIT`/`ROLLBACK` 6 The MySQL access privilege system 6.1 What the privilege system does 6.2 MySQL user names and passwords 6.3 Connecting to the MySQL server 6.4 Keeping your password secure 6.5 Privileges provided by MySQL 6.6 How the privilege system works 6.7 Access control, stage 1: Connection verification 6.8 Access control, stage 2: Request verification 6.9 When privilege changes take effect 6.10 Setting up the initial MySQL privileges 6.11 Adding new user privileges to MySQL 6.12 How to set up passwords 6.13 Causes of `Access denied` errors 6.14 How to make MySQL secure against crackers 7 MySQL language reference 7.1 Literals: how to write strings and numbers 7.1.1 Strings 7.1.2 Numbers 7.1.3 Hexadecimal values 7.1.4 `NULL` values 7.1.5 Database, table, index, column and alias names 7.1.5.1 Case sensitivity in names 7.2 Column types 7.2.1 Column type storage requirements 7.2.5 Numeric types 7.2.6 Date and time types 7.2.6.1 Y2K issues and date types 7.2.6.2 The `DATETIME`, `DATE` and `TIMESTAMP` types 7.2.6.3 The `TIME` type 7.2.6.4 The `YEAR` type 7.2.7 String types 7.2.7.1 The `CHAR` and `VARCHAR` types 7.2.7.2 The `BLOB` and `TEXT` types 7.2.7.3 The `ENUM` type 7.2.7.4 The `SET` type 7.2.8 Choosing the right type for a column 7.2.9 Column indexes 7.2.10 Multiple-column indexes 7.2.11 Using column types from other database engines 7.3 Functions for use in `SELECT` and `WHERE` clauses 7.3.1 Grouping functions 7.3.2 Normal arithmetic operations 7.3.3 Bit functions 7.3.4 Logical operations 7.3.5 Comparison operators 7.3.6 String comparison functions 7.3.7 Cast operators 7.3.8 Control flow functions 7.3.9 Mathematical functions 7.3.10 String functions 7.3.11 Date and time functions 7.3.12 Miscellaneous functions 7.3.13 Functions for use with `GROUP BY` clauses 7.4 `CREATE DATABASE` syntax 7.5 `DROP DATABASE` syntax 7.6 `CREATE TABLE` syntax 7.6.1 Silent column specification changes 7.7 `ALTER TABLE` syntax 7.8 `OPTIMIZE TABLE` syntax 7.9 `DROP TABLE` syntax 7.10 `DELETE` syntax 7.11 `SELECT` syntax 7.12 `JOIN` syntax 7.13 `INSERT` syntax 7.14 `REPLACE` syntax 7.15 `LOAD DATA INFILE` syntax 7.16 `UPDATE` syntax 7.17 `USE` syntax 7.18 `FLUSH` syntax (clearing caches) 7.19 `KILL` syntax 7.20 `SHOW` syntax (Get information about tables, columns,...) 7.21 `EXPLAIN` syntax (Get information about a `SELECT`) 7.22 `DESCRIBE` syntax (Get information about columns) 7.23 `LOCK TABLES/UNLOCK TABLES` syntax 7.24 `SET OPTION` syntax 7.25 `GRANT` and `REVOKE` syntax 7.26 `CREATE INDEX` syntax 7.27 `DROP INDEX` syntax 7.28 Comment syntax 7.29 `CREATE FUNCTION/DROP FUNCTION` syntax 7.30 Is MySQL picky about reserved words? 8 MySQL Tutorial 8.1 Connecting to and disconnecting from the server 8.2 Entering queries 8.3 Examples of common queries 8.3.1 The maximum value for column 8.3.2 The row holding the maximum of a certain column 8.3.3 Maximum of column: per group: only the values 8.3.4 The rows holding the group-wise maximum of a certain field 8.3.5 Using foreign keys 8.4 Creating and using a database 8.4.1 Creating and selecting a database 8.4.2 Creating a table 8.4.3 Loading data into a table 8.4.4 Retrieving information from a table 8.4.4.1 Selecting all data 8.4.4.2 Selecting particular rows 8.4.4.3 Selecting particular columns 8.4.4.4 Sorting rows 8.4.4.5 Date calculations 8.4.4.6 Working with `NULL` values 8.4.4.7 Pattern matching 8.4.4.8 Counting rows 8.4.5 Using more than one table 8.5 Getting information about databases and tables 8.6 Using `mysql` in batch mode 8.7 Queries from twin project 8.7.1 Find all non-distributed twins 8.7.2 Show a table on twin pair status 9 MySQL server functions 9.1 What languages are supported by MySQL? 9.1.1 The character set used for data and sorting 9.1.2 Adding a new character set 9.1.3 Multi-byte character support 9.2 The update log 9.3 How big MySQL tables can be 10 Getting maximum performance from MySQL 10.1 Tuning server parameters 10.2 How MySQL uses memory 10.3 How compiling and linking affects the speed of MySQL 10.4 How MySQL uses indexes 10.5 How MySQL optimizes `WHERE` clauses 10.6 How MySQL optimizes `LEFT JOIN` 10.7 How MySQL optimizes `LIMIT` 10.8 How MySQL opens and closes tables 10.8.1 Drawbacks of creating large numbers of tables in a database 10.9 Why so many open tables? 10.10 Using symbolic links for databases and tables 10.11 How MySQL locks tables 10.12 Table locking issues 10.13 How to arrange a table to be as fast/small as possible 10.14 Factors affecting the speed of `INSERT` statements 10.15 Factors affecting the speed of `DELETE` statements 10.16 How do I get MySQL to run at full speed? 10.17 What are the different row formats? Or, when should `VARCHAR/CHAR` be used? 10.18 MySQL table types. 11 The MySQL benchmark suite 12 MySQL Utilites 12.1 Overview of the different MySQL programs 12.2 Administering a MySQL server 12.3 Dumping the structure and data from MySQL databases and tables 12.4 Importing data from text files 12.5 The MySQL compressed read-only table generator 13 Maintaining a MySQL installation 13.1 Using `isamchk` for table maintenance and crash recovery 13.1.1 `isamchk` invocation syntax 13.1.2 `isamchk` memory usage 13.2 Setting up a table maintenance regimen 13.3 Getting information about a table 13.4 Using `isamchk` for crash recovery 13.4.1 How to check tables for errors 13.4.2 How to repair tables 13.4.3 Table optimization 13.5 Log file maintenance 14 Adding new functions to MySQL 14.1 Adding a new user-definable function 14.1.1 UDF calling sequences 14.1.2 Argument processing 14.1.3 Return values and error handling 14.1.4 Compiling and installing user-definable functions 14.2 Adding a new native function 15 Adding new procedures to MySQL 15.1 Procedure analyse 15.2 Writing a procedure. 16 MySQL ODBC Support 16.1 Operating systems supported by MyODBC 16.2 How to report problems with MyODBC 16.3 Programs known to work with MyODBC 16.4 How to fill in the various fields in the ODBC administrator program 16.5 How to get the value of an `AUTO_INCREMENT` column in ODBC 16.6 Reporting problems with MyODBC 17 Using `MySQL` with some common programs 17.1 Using MySQL with Apache 18 Problems and common errors 18.1 What to do if MySQL keeps crashing 18.2 Some common errors when using MySQL 18.2.1 `MySQL server has gone away` error 18.2.2 `Can't connect to [local] MySQL server` error 18.2.3 `Host '...' is blocked` error 18.2.4 `Out of memory` error 18.2.5 `Packet too large` error 18.2.6 `The table is full` error 18.2.7 `Commands out of sync` error in client 18.2.8 `Ignoring user` error 18.2.9 `Table 'xxx' doesn't exist` error 18.3 How MySQL handles a full disk 18.4 How to run SQL commands from a text file 18.5 Where MySQL stores temporary files 18.6 How to protect `/tmp/mysql.sock' from being deleted 18.7 `Access denied` error 18.8 How to run MySQL as a normal user 18.9 How to reset a forgotten password. 18.10 Problems with file permissions 18.11 File not found 18.12 Problems using `DATE` columns 18.13 Timezone problems 18.14 Case sensitivity in searches 18.15 Problems with `NULL` values 18.16 Problems with `alias` 18.17 Deleting rows from related tables 18.18 Solving problems with no matching rows 18.19 Problems with `ALTER TABLE`. 18.20 How to change the order of columns in a table 19 Solving some common problems with MySQL 19.1 Database replication 19.2 Database backups 19.3 Running multiple MySQL servers on the same machine 20 MySQL client tools and APIs 20.1 MySQL C API 20.2 C API datatypes 20.3 C API function overview 20.4 C API function descriptions 20.4.1 `mysql_affected_rows()` 20.4.2 `mysql_close()` 20.4.3 `mysql_connect()` 20.4.4 `mysql_change_user()` 20.4.5 `mysql_create_db()` 20.4.6 `mysql_data_seek()` 20.4.7 `mysql_debug()` 20.4.8 `mysql_drop_db()` 20.4.9 `mysql_dump_debug_info()` 20.4.10 `mysql_eof()` 20.4.11 `mysql_errno()` 20.4.12 `mysql_error()` 20.4.13 `mysql_escape_string()` 20.4.14 `mysql_fetch_field()` 20.4.15 `mysql_fetch_fields()` 20.4.16 `mysql_fetch_field_direct()` 20.4.17 `mysql_fetch_lengths()` 20.4.18 `mysql_fetch_row()` 20.4.19 `mysql_field_count()` 20.4.20 `mysql_field_seek()` 20.4.21 `mysql_field_tell()` 20.4.22 `mysql_free_result()` 20.4.23 `mysql_get_client_info()` 20.4.24 `mysql_get_host_info()` 20.4.25 `mysql_get_proto_info()` 20.4.26 `mysql_get_server_info()` 20.4.27 `mysql_info()` 20.4.28 `mysql_init()` 20.4.29 `mysql_insert_id()` 20.4.30 `mysql_kill()` 20.4.31 `mysql_list_dbs()` 20.4.32 `mysql_list_fields()` 20.4.33 `mysql_list_processes()` 20.4.34 `mysql_list_tables()` 20.4.35 `mysql_num_fields()` 20.4.36 `mysql_num_rows()` 20.4.37 `mysql_options()` 20.4.38 `mysql_ping()` 20.4.39 `mysql_query()` 20.4.40 `mysql_real_connect()` 20.4.41 `mysql_real_query()` 20.4.42 `mysql_reload()` 20.4.43 `mysql_row_seek()` 20.4.44 `mysql_row_tell()` 20.4.45 `mysql_select_db()` 20.4.46 `mysql_shutdown()` 20.4.47 `mysql_stat()` 20.4.48 `mysql_store_result()` 20.4.49 `mysql_thread_id()` 20.4.50 `mysql_use_result()` 20.4.51 Why is it that after `mysql_query()` returns success, `mysql_store_result()` sometimes returns `NULL?` 20.4.52 What results can I get from a query? 20.4.53 How can I get the unique ID for the last inserted row? 20.4.54 Problems linking with the C API 20.4.55 How to make a thread-safe client 20.5 MySQL Perl API 20.5.1 `DBI` with `DBD::mysql` 20.5.2 The `DBI` interface 20.5.3 More `DBI`/`DBD` information 20.6 MySQL Eiffel wrapper 20.7 MySQL Java connectivity (JDBC) 20.8 MySQL PHP API 20.9 MySQL C++ APIs 20.10 MySQL Python APIs 20.11 MySQL TCL APIs 21 How MySQL compares to other databases 21.1 How MySQL compares to `mSQL` 21.1.1 How to convert `mSQL` tools for MySQL 21.1.2 How `mSQL` and MySQL client/server communications protocols differ 21.1.3 How `mSQL` 2.0 SQL syntax differs from MySQL 21.2 How MySQL compares to PostgreSQL A Some MySQL users A.1 General news sites A.2 Some Web search engines A.3 Some Information search engines concentrated on some area A.4 Web sites the use MySQL as a backed A.5 Some Domain/Internet/Web and related services A.6 Web sites that use `PHP` and MySQL A.7 Some MySQL consultants A.8 Programming A.9 Uncategorized pages B Contributed programs B.1 API's B.2 Clients B.3 Web tools B.4 Authentication tools B.5 Converters B.6 Using MySQL with other products B.7 Useful tools B.8 Uncategorized C Contributors to MySQL D MySQL change history D.1 Changes in release 3.23.x (Released as alpha) D.1.1 Changes in release 3.23.5 D.1.2 Changes in release 3.23.4 D.1.3 Changes in release 3.23.3 D.1.4 Changes in release 3.23.2 D.1.5 Changes in release 3.23.1 D.1.6 Changes in release 3.23.0 D.2 Changes in release 3.22.x D.2.1 Changes in release 3.22.27 D.2.2 Changes in release 3.22.26 D.2.3 Changes in release 3.22.25 D.2.4 Changes in release 3.22.24 D.2.5 Changes in release 3.22.23 D.2.6 Changes in release 3.22.22 D.2.7 Changes in release 3.22.21 D.2.8 Changes in release 3.22.20 D.2.9 Changes in release 3.22.19 D.2.10 Changes in release 3.22.18 D.2.11 Changes in release 3.22.17 D.2.12 Changes in release 3.22.16 D.2.13 Changes in release 3.22.15 D.2.14 Changes in release 3.22.14 D.2.15 Changes in release 3.22.13 D.2.16 Changes in release 3.22.12 D.2.17 Changes in release 3.22.11 D.2.18 Changes in release 3.22.10 D.2.19 Changes in release 3.22.9 D.2.20 Changes in release 3.22.8 D.2.21 Changes in release 3.22.7 D.2.22 Changes in release 3.22.6 D.2.23 Changes in release 3.22.5 D.2.24 Changes in release 3.22.4 D.2.25 Changes in release 3.22.3 D.2.26 Changes in release 3.22.2 D.2.27 Changes in release 3.22.1 D.2.28 Changes in release 3.22.0 D.3 Changes in release 3.21.x D.3.1 Changes in release 3.21.33 D.3.2 Changes in release 3.21.32 D.3.3 Changes in release 3.21.31 D.3.4 Changes in release 3.21.30 D.3.5 Changes in release 3.21.29 D.3.6 Changes in release 3.21.28 D.3.7 Changes in release 3.21.27 D.3.8 Changes in release 3.21.26 D.3.9 Changes in release 3.21.25 D.3.10 Changes in release 3.21.24 D.3.11 Changes in release 3.21.23 D.3.12 Changes in release 3.21.22 D.3.13 Changes in release 3.21.21a D.3.14 Changes in release 3.21.21 D.3.15 Changes in release 3.21.20 D.3.16 Changes in release 3.21.19 D.3.17 Changes in release 3.21.18 D.3.18 Changes in release 3.21.17 D.3.19 Changes in release 3.21.16 D.3.20 Changes in release 3.21.15 D.3.21 Changes in release 3.21.14b D.3.22 Changes in release 3.21.14a D.3.23 Changes in release 3.21.13 D.3.24 Changes in release 3.21.12 D.3.25 Changes in release 3.21.11 D.3.26 Changes in release 3.21.10 D.3.27 Changes in release 3.21.9 D.3.28 Changes in release 3.21.8 D.3.29 Changes in release 3.21.7 D.3.30 Changes in release 3.21.6 D.3.31 Changes in release 3.21.5 D.3.32 Changes in release 3.21.4 D.3.33 Changes in release 3.21.3 D.3.34 Changes in release 3.21.2 D.3.35 Changes in release 3.21.0 21.3 Changes in release 3.20.x D.3.36 Changes in release 3.20.18 D.3.37 Changes in release 3.20.17 D.3.38 Changes in release 3.20.16 D.3.39 Changes in release 3.20.15 D.3.40 Changes in release 3.20.14 D.3.41 Changes in release 3.20.13 D.3.42 Changes in release 3.20.11 D.3.43 Changes in release 3.20.10 D.3.44 Changes in release 3.20.9 D.3.45 Changes in release 3.20.8 D.3.46 Changes in release 3.20.7 D.3.47 Changes in release 3.20.6 D.3.48 Changes in release 3.20.3 D.3.49 Changes in release 3.20.0 D.4 Changes in release 3.19.x D.4.1 Changes in release 3.19.5 D.4.2 Changes in release 3.19.4 D.4.3 Changes in release 3.19.3 E Known errors and design deficiencies in MySQL F List of things we want to add to MySQL in the future (The TODO) F.1 Things that must done in the real near future F.2 Things that have to be done sometime F.3 Some things we don't have any plans to do G Comments on porting to other systems G.1 Debugging a MySQL server G.2 Debugging a MySQL client G.3 Comments about RTS threads G.4 Differences between different thread packages H Description of MySQL regular expression syntax I What is Unireg? J The MySQL server license for non Microsoft operating systems K The MySQL license for Microsoft operating systems SQL command, type and function index Concept Index Sommaire complet [Sommaire court]

This document was generated on 11 August 2000 using the texi2html translator version 1.52 (extended by davida@detron.se, hacked by dams@nexen.net for French translation).