MySQL Reference Manual for version 3.23.5-alpha.



	D.3 Changes in release 3.21.x D.3.1 Changes in release 3.21.33 Fixed problem when sending `SIGHUP` to `mysqld`; `mysqld` core dumped when starting from boot on some systems. Fixed problem with losing a little memory for some connections. `DELETE FROM tbl_name` without a `WHERE` condition is now done the long way when you use `LOCK TABLES` or if the table is in use, to avoid race conditions. `INSERT INTO TABLE (timestamp_column) VALUES (NULL);` didn't set timestamp. D.3.2 Changes in release 3.21.32 Fixed some possible race conditions when doing many reopen/close on the same tables under heavy load! This can happen if you execute `mysqladmin refresh` often. This could in some very rare cases corrupt the header of the index file and cause error 126 or 138. Fixed fatal bug in `refresh()` when running with the `--skip-locking` option. There was a ``very small'' time gap after a `mysqladmin refresh` when a table could be corrupted if one thread updated a table while another thread did `mysqladmin refresh` and another thread started a new update ont the same table before the first thread had finished. A refresh (or `--flush-tables`) will now not return until all used tables are closed! `SELECT DISTINCT` with a `WHERE` clause that didn't match any rows returned a row in some contexts (bug only in 3.21.31). `GROUP BY` + `ORDER BY` returned one empty row when no rows where found. Fixed a bug in the range optimizer that wrote `Use_count: Wrong count for ...` in the error log file. D.3.3 Changes in release 3.21.31 Fixed a sign extension problem for the `TINYINT` type on Irix. Fixed problem with `LEFT("constant_string",function)`. Fixed problem with `FIND_IN_SET()`. `LEFT JOIN` core dumped if the second table is used with a constant `WHERE/ON` expression that uniquely identifies one record. Fixed problems with `DATE_FORMAT()` and incorrect dates. `DATE_FORMAT()` now ignores `'%'` to make it possible to extend it more easily in the future. D.3.4 Changes in release 3.21.30 `mysql` now returns an exit code > 0 if the query returned an error. Saving of command line history to file in `mysql` client. By Tommy Larsen tommy@mix.hive.no. Fixed problem with empty lines that were ignored in `mysql.cc'. Save the pid of the signal handler thread in the pid file instead of the pid of the main thread. Added patch by tommy@valley.ne.jp to support Japanese characters SJIS and UJIS. Changed `safe_mysqld` to redirect startup messages to `'hostname'.err` instead of `'hostname'.log` to reclaim file space on `mysqladmin refresh`. `ENUM` always had the first entry as default value. `ALTER TABLE` wrote two entries to the update log. `sql_acc()` now closes the `mysql` grant tables after a reload to save table space and memory. Changed `LOAD DATA` to use less memory with tables and `BLOB` columns. Sorting on a function which made a division / 0 produced a wrong set in some cases. Fixed `SELECT` problem with `LEFT()` when using the czech character set. Fixed problem in `isamchk`; it couldn't repair a packed table in a very unusual case. `SELECT` statements with `&` or `\|` (bit functions) failed on columns with `NULL` values. When comparing a field = field, where one of the fields was a part key, only the length of the part key was compared. D.3.5 Changes in release 3.21.29 `LOCK TABLES` + `DELETE from tbl_name` never removed locks properly. Fixed problem when grouping on an `OR` function. Fixed permission problem with `umask()` and creating new databases. Fixed permission problem on result file with `SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE ...` Fixed problem in range optimizer (core dump) for a very complex query. Fixed problem when using `MIN(integer)` or `MAX(integer)` in `GROUP BY`. Fixed bug on Alpha when using integer keys. (Other keys worked on Alpha). Fixed bug in `WEEK("XXXX-xx-01")`. D.3.6 Changes in release 3.21.28 Fixed socket permission (clients couldn't connect to Unix socket on Linux). Fixed bug in record caches; for some queries, you could get `Error from table handler: #` on some operating systems. D.3.7 Changes in release 3.21.27 Added user level lock functions `GET_LOCK(string,timeout)`, `RELEASE_LOCK(string)`. Added `opened_tables` to `show status`. Changed connect timeout to 3 seconds to make it somewhat harder for crackers to kill `mysqld` through telnet + TCP/IP. Fixed bug in range optimizer when using `WHERE key_part_1 >= something AND key_part_2 <= something_else`. Changed `configure` for detection of FreeBSD 3.0 9803xx and above `WHERE` with string_column_key = constant_string didn't always find all rows if the column had many values differing only with characters of the same sort value (like e and 'e). Strings keys looked up with 'ref' were not compared in case-sensitive fashion. Added `umask()` to make log files non-readable for normal users. Ignore users with old (8-byte) password on startup if not using `--old-protocol` option to `mysqld`. `SELECT` which matched all key fields returned the values in the case of the matched values, not of the found values. (Minor problem.) D.3.8 Changes in release 3.21.26 `FROM_DAYS(0)` now returns "0000-00-00". In `DATE_FORMAT()`, PM and AM were swapped for hours 00 and 12. Extended the default maximum key size to 256. Fixed bug when using `BLOB`/`TEXT` in `GROUP BY` with many tables. An `ENUM` field that is not declared `NOT NULL` has `NULL` as the default value. (Previously, the default value was the first enumeration value.) Fixed bug in the join optimizer code when using many part keys on the same key: `INDEX (Organization,Surname(35),Initials(35))`. Added some tests to the table order optimizer to get some cases with `SELECT ... FROM many_tables` much faster. Added a retry loop around `accept()` to possibly fix some problems on some Linux machines. D.3.9 Changes in release 3.21.25 Changed `typedef 'string'` to `typedef 'my_string'` for better portability. You can now kill threads that are waiting on a disk full condition. Fixed some problems with UDF functions. Added long options to `isamchk`. Try `isamchk --help`. Fixed a bug when using 8 bytes long (alpha); `filesort()` didn't work. Affects `DISTINCT`, `ORDER BY` and `GROUP BY` on 64-bit processors. D.3.10 Changes in release 3.21.24 Dynamic loadable functions. Based on source from Alexis Mikhailov. You couldn't delete from a table if no one had done a `SELECT` on the table. Fixed problem with range optimizer with many `OR` operators on key parts inside each other. Recoded `MIN()` and `MAX()` to work properly with strings and `HAVING`. Changed default umask value for new files from `0664` to `0660`. Fixed problem with `LEFT JOIN` and constant expressions in the `ON` part. Added Italian error messages from brenno@dewinter.com. `configure` now works better on OSF1 (tested on 4.0D). Added hooks to allow `LIKE` optimization with international character support. Upgraded `DBI` to 0.93. D.3.11 Changes in release 3.21.23 The following symbols are now reserved words: `TIME`, `DATE`, `TIMESTAMP`, `TEXT`, `BIT`, `ENUM`, `NO`, `ACTION`, `CHECK`, `YEAR`, `MONTH`, `DAY`, `HOUR`, `MINUTE`, `SECOND`, `STATUS`, `VARIABLES`. Setting a `TIMESTAMP` to `NULL` in `LOAD DATA INFILE ...` didn't set the current time for the `TIMESTAMP`. Fix `BETWEEN` to recognize binary strings. Now `BETWEEN` is case sensitive. Added `--skip-thread-priority` option to `mysqld`, for systems where `mysqld`'s thread scheduling doesn't work properly (BSDI 3.1). Added ODBC functions `DAYNAME()` and `MONTHNAME()`. Added function `TIME_FORMAT()`. This works like `DATE_FORMAT()`, but takes a time string (`'HH:MM:DD'`) as argument. Fixed unlikely(?) key optimizer bug when using `OR`s of key parts inside `AND`s. Added command `variables` to `mysqladmin`. A lot of small changes to the binary releases. Fixed a bug in the new protocol from MySQL 3.21.20. Changed `ALTER TABLE` to work with Win32 (Win32 can't rename open files). Also fixed a couple of small bugs in the Win32 version. All standard MySQL clients are now ported to MySQL-Win32. MySQL can now be started as a service on NT. D.3.12 Changes in release 3.21.22 Starting with this version, all MySQL distributions will be configured, compiled and tested with `crash-me` and the benchmarks on the following platforms: SunOS 5.6 sun4u, SunOS 5.5.1 sun4u, SunOS 4.14 sun4c, SunOS 5.6 i86pc, Irix 6.3 mips5k, HP-UX 10.20 hppa, AIX 4.2.1 ppc, OSF1 V4.0 alpha, FreeBSD 2.2.2 i86pc and BSDI 3.1 i386. Fix `COUNT()` problems when the `WHERE` clause didn't match any records. (Bug from 3.21.17.) Removed that `NULL = NULL` is true. Now you must use `IS NULL` or `IS NOT NULL` to test whether or not a value is `NULL`. (This is according to ANSI SQL but may break old applications that are ported from `mSQL`.) You can get the old behavior by compiling with `-DmSQL_COMPLIANT`. Fixed bug that core dumped when using many `LEFT OUTER JOIN` clauses. Fixed bug in `ORDER BY` on string formula with possible `NULL` values. Fixed problem in range optimizer when using <= on sub index. Added functions `DAYOFYEAR()`, `DAYOFMONTH()`, `MONTH()`, `YEAR()`, `WEEK()`, `QUARTER()`, `HOUR()`, `MINUTE()`, `SECOND()` and `FIND_IN_SET()`. Added command `SHOW VARIABLES`. Added support of ``long constant strings'' from ANSI SQL: mysql> SELECT 'first ' 'second'; -> 'first second' Upgraded mSQL-Mysql-modules to 1.1825. Upgraded `mysqlaccess` to 2.02. Fixed problem with Russian character set and `LIKE`. Ported to OpenBSD 2.1. New Dutch error messages. D.3.13 Changes in release 3.21.21a Configure changes for some operating systems. D.3.14 Changes in release 3.21.21 Fixed optimizer bug when using `WHERE data_field = date_field2 AND date_field2 = constant`. Added command `SHOW STATUS`. Removed `manual.ps' from the source distribution to make it smaller. D.3.15 Changes in release 3.21.20 Changed the maximum table name and column name lengths from 32 to 64. Aliases can now be of ``any'' length. Fixed `mysqladmin stat` to return the right number of queries. Changed protocol (downward compatible) to mark if a column has the `AUTO_INCREMENT` attribute or is a `TIMESTAMP`. This is needed for the new Java driver. Added Hebrew sorting order by Zeev Suraski. Solaris 2.6: Fixed `configure` bugs and increased maximum table size from 2G to 4G. D.3.16 Changes in release 3.21.19 Upgraded `DBD` to 1823. This version implements `mysql_use_result` in `DBD-Mysql`. Benchmarks updated for empress (by Luuk). Fixed a case of slow range searching. Configure fixes (`Docs' directory). Added function `REVERSE()` (by Zeev Suraski). D.3.17 Changes in release 3.21.18 Issue error message if client C functions are called in wrong order. Added automatic reconnect to the `libmysql.c' library. If a write command fails, an automatic reconnect is done. Small sort sets no longer use temporary files. Upgraded `DBI` to 0.91. Fixed a couple of problems with `LEFT OUTER JOIN`. Added `CROSS JOIN` syntax. `CROSS` is now a reserved word. Recoded `yacc`/`bison` stack allocation to be even safer and to allow MySQL* to handle even bigger expressions. Fixed a couple of problems with the update log. `ORDER BY` was slow when used with key ranges. D.3.18 Changes in release 3.21.17 Changed documentation string of `--with-unix-socket-path` to avoid confusion. Added ODBC and ANSI SQL style `LEFT OUTER JOIN`. The following are new reserved words: `LEFT`, `NATURAL`, `USING`. The client library now uses the value of the environment variable `MYSQL_HOST` as the default host if it's defined. `SELECT col_name, SUM(expr)` now returns `NULL` for `col_name` when there are matching rows. Fixed problem with comparing binary strings and `BLOB`s with ASCII characters over 127. Fixed lock problem: when freeing a read lock on a table with multiple read locks, a thread waiting for a write lock would have been given the lock. This shouldn't affect data integrity, but could possibly make `mysqld` restart if one thread was reading data that another thread modified. `LIMIT offset,count` didn't work in `INSERT ... SELECT`. Optimized key block caching. This will be quicker than the old algorithm when using bigger key caches. D.3.19 Changes in release 3.21.16 Added ODBC 2.0 & 3.0 functions `POWER()`, `SPACE()`, `COT()`, `DEGREES()`, `RADIANS()`, `ROUND(2 arg)` and `TRUNCATE()`. WARNING: INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE!! `LOCATE()` parameters were swapped according to ODBC standard. Fixed. Added function `TIME_TO_SEC()`. In some cases, default values were not used for `NOT NULL` fields. Timestamp wasn't always updated properly in `UPDATE SET ...` statements. Allow empty strings as default values for `BLOB` and `TEXT`, to be compatible with `mysqldump`. D.3.20 Changes in release 3.21.15 WARNING: INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE!! `mysqlperl` is now from Msql-Mysql-modules. This means that `connect()` now takes `host`, `database`, `user`, `password` arguments! The old version took `host`, `database`, `password`, `user`. Allow `DATE '1997-01-01'`, `TIME '12:10:10'` and `TIMESTAMP '1997-01-01 12:10:10'` formats required by ANSI SQL. WARNING: INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE!! This has the unfortunate side-effect that you no longer can have columns named `DATE`, `TIME` or `TIMESTAMP`. :( Old columns can still be accessed through `tablename.columnname`!) Changed Makefiles to hopefully work better with BSD systems. Also, `manual.dvi' is now included in the distribution to avoid having stupid `make` programs trying to rebuild it. `readline` library upgraded to version 2.1. A new sortorder german-1. That is a normal ISO-Latin1 with a german sort order. Perl `DBI`/`DBD` is now included in the distribution. `DBI` is now the recommended way to connect to MySQL from Perl. New portable benchmark suite with `DBD`, with test results from `mSQL` 2.0.3, MySQL, PostgreSQL 6.2.1 and Solid server 2.2. `crash-me` is now included with the benchmarks; This is a Perl program designed to find as many limits as possible in a SQL server. Tested with `mSQL`, PostgreSQL, Solid and MySQL. Fixed bug in range-optimizer that crashed MySQL on some queries. Table and column name completion for `mysql` command line tool, by Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans. Added new command `REPLACE` that works like `INSERT` but replaces conflicting records with the new record. `REPLACE INTO TABLE ... SELECT ...` works also. Added new commands `CREATE DATABASE db_name` and `DROP DATABASE db_name`. Added `RENAME` option to `ALTER TABLE`: `ALTER TABLE name RENAME AS new_name`. `make_binary_distribution` now includes `libgcc.a' in `libmysqlclient.a'. This should make linking work for people who don't have `gcc`. Changed `net_write()` to `my_net_write()` because of a name conflict with Sybase. New function `DAYOFWEEK()` compatible with ODBC. Stack checking and `bison` memory overrun checking to make MySQL safer with weird queries. D.3.21 Changes in release 3.21.14b Fixed a couple of small `configure` problems on some platforms. D.3.22 Changes in release 3.21.14a Ported to SCO Openserver 5.0.4 with FSU Pthreads. HP-UX 10.20 should work. Added new function `DATE_FORMAT()`. Added `NOT IN`. Added automatic removal of 'ODBC function conversions': `{fn now() }` Handle ODBC 2.50.3 option flags. Fixed comparison of `DATE` and `TIME` values with `NULL`. Changed language name from germany to german to be consistent with the other language names. Fixed sorting problem on functions returning a `FLOAT`. Previously, the values were converted to `INT`s before sorting. Fixed slow sorting when sorting on key field when using `key_column=constant`. Sorting on calculated `DOUBLE` values sorted on integer results instead. `mysql` no longer needs a database argument. Changed the place where `HAVING` should be. According to ANSI, it should be after `GROUP BY` but before `ORDER BY`. MySQL 3.20 incorrectly had it last. Added Sybase command `USE DATABASE` to start using another database. Added automatic adjusting of number of connections and table cache size if the maximum number of files that can be opened is less than needed. This should fix that `mysqld` doesn't crash even if you haven't done a `ulimit -n 256` before starting `mysqld`. Added lots of limit checks to make it safer when running with too little memory or when doing weird queries. D.3.23 Changes in release 3.21.13 Added retry of interrupted reads and clearing of `errno`. This makes Linux systems much safer! Fixed locking bug when using many aliases on the same table in the same `SELECT`. Fixed bug with `LIKE` on number key. New error message so you can check whether the connection was lost while the command was running or whether the connection was down from the start. Added `--table` option to `mysql` to print in table format. Moved time and row information after query result. Added automatic reconnect of lost connections. Added `!=` as a synonym for `<>`. Added function `VERSION()` to make easier logs. New multi-user test `tests/fork_test.pl' to put some strain on the thread library. D.3.24 Changes in release 3.21.12 Fixed `ftruncate()` call in MIT-pthreads. This made `isamchk` destroy the `.ISM' files on (Free)BSD 2.x systems. Fixed broken `__P_` patch in MIT-pthreads. Many memory overrun checks. All string functions now return `NULL` if the returned string should be longer than `max_allowed_packet` bytes. Changed the name of the `INTERVAL` type to `ENUM`, because `INTERVAL` is used in ANSI SQL. In some cases, doing a `JOIN` + `GROUP` + `INTO OUTFILE`, the result wasn't grouped. `LIKE` with `'_'` as last character didn't work. Fixed. Added extended ANSI SQL `TRIM()` function. Added `CURTIME()`. Added `ENCRYPT()` function by Zeev Suraski. Fixed better `FOREIGN KEY` syntax skipping. New reserved words: `MATCH`, `FULL`, `PARTIAL`. `mysqld` now allows IP number and hostname to the `--bind-address` option. Added `SET OPTION CHARACTER SET cp1251_koi8` to enable conversions of data to/from cp1251_koi8. Lots of changes for Win95 port. In theory, this version should now be easily portable to Win95. Changed the `CREATE COLUMN` syntax of `NOT NULL` columns to be after the `DEFAULT` value, as specified in the ANSI SQL standard. This will make `mysqldump` with `NOT NULL` and default values incompatible with MySQL 3.20. Added many function name aliases so the functions can be used with ODBC or ANSI SQL92 syntax. Fixed syntax of `ALTER TABLE tbl_name ALTER COLUMN col_name SET DEFAULT NULL`. Added `CHAR` and `BIT` as synonyms for `CHAR(1)`. Fixed core dump when updating as a user who has only select privilege. `INSERT ... SELECT ... GROUP BY` didn't work in some cases. An `Invalid use of group function` error occurred. When using `LIMIT`, `SELECT` now always uses keys instead of record scan. This will give better performance on `SELECT` and a `WHERE` that matches many rows. Added Russian error messages. D.3.25 Changes in release 3.21.11 Configure changes. MySQL now works with the new thread library on BSD/OS 3.0. Added new group functions `BIT_OR()` and `BIT_AND()`. Added compatibility functions `CHECK` and `REFERENCES`. `CHECK` is now a reserved word. Added `ALL` option to `GRANT` for better compatibility. (`GRANT` is still a dummy function.) Added partly-translated dutch messages. Fixed bug in `ORDER BY` and `GROUP BY` with `NULL` columns. Added function `last_insert_id()` to retrieve last `AUTO_INCREMENT` value. This is intended for clients to ODBC that can't use the `mysql_insert_id()` API function, but can be used by any client. Added `--flush-logs` option to `mysqladmin`. Added command `STATUS` to `mysql`. Fixed problem with `ORDER BY`/`GROUP BY` because of bug in `gcc`. Fixed problem with `INSERT ... SELECT ... GROUP BY`. D.3.26 Changes in release 3.21.10 New `mysqlaccess`. `CREATE` now supports all ODBC types and the `mSQL` `TEXT` type. All ODBC 2.5 functions are also supported (added `REPEAT`). This provides better portability. Added text types `TINYTEXT`, `TEXT`, `MEDIUMTEXT` and `LONGTEXT`. These are actually `BLOB`types, but all searching is done in case-insensitive fashion. All old `BLOB` fields are now `TEXT` fields. This only changes that all searching on strings is done in case-sensitive fashion. You must do an `ALTER TABLE` and change the field type to `BLOB` if you want to have tests done in case-sensitive fashion. Fixed some `configure` issues. Made the locking code a bit safer. Fixed very unlikely deadlock situation. Fixed a couple of bugs in the range optimizer. Now the new range benchmark `test-select` works. D.3.27 Changes in release 3.21.9 Added `--enable-unix-socket=pathname` option to `configure`. Fixed a couple of portability problems with include files. Fixed bug in range calculation that could return empty set when searching on multiple key with only one entry (very rare). Most things ported to FSU Pthreads, which should allow MySQL to run on SCO. 4.11.12 SCO notes. D.3.28 Changes in release 3.21.8 Works now in Solaris 2.6. Added handling of calculation of `SUM()` functions. For example, you can now use `SUM(column)/COUNT(column)`. Added handling of trigometric functions: `PI()`, `ACOS()`, `ASIN()`, `ATAN()`, `COS()`, `SIN()` and `TAN()`. New languages: norwegian, norwegian-ny and portuguese. Fixed parameter bug in `net_print()` in `procedure.cc'. Fixed a couple of memory leaks. Now allow also the old `SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE` syntax. Fixed bug with `GROUP BY` and `SELECT` on key with many values. `mysql_fetch_lengths()` sometimes returned incorrect lengths when you used `mysql_use_result()`. This affected at least some cases of `mysqldump --quick`. Fixed bug in optimization of `WHERE const op field`. Fixed problem when sorting on `NULL` fields. Fixed a couple of 64-bit (Alpha) problems. Added `--pid-file=#` option to `mysqld`. Added date formatting to `FROM_UNIXTIME()`, originally by Zeev Suraski. Fixed bug in `BETWEEN` in range optimizer (Did only test = of the first argument). Added machine-dependent files for MIT-pthreads i386-SCO. There is probably more to do to get this to work on SCO 3.5. D.3.29 Changes in release 3.21.7 Changed `Makefile.am' to take advantage of Automake 1.2. Added the beginnings of a benchmark suite. Added more secure password handling. Added new client function `mysql_errno()`, to get the error number of the error message. This makes error checking in the client much easier. This makes the new server incompatible with the 3.20.x server when running without `--old-protocol`. The client code is backward compatible. More information can be found in the `README' file! Fixed some problems when using very long, illegal names. D.3.30 Changes in release 3.21.6 Fixed more portability issues (incorrect `sigwait` and `sigset` defines). `configure` should now be able to detect the last argument to `accept()`. D.3.31 Changes in release 3.21.5 Should now work with FreeBSD 3.0 if used with `FreeBSD-3.0-libc_r-1.0.diff', which can be found at http://www.mysql.com/Download/Patches. Added new option `-O tmp_table_size=#` to `mysqld`. New function `FROM_UNIXTIME(timestamp)` which returns a date string in 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:DD' format. New function `SEC_TO_TIME(seconds)` which returns a string in 'HH:MM:SS' format. New function `SUBSTRING_INDEX()`, originally by Zeev Suraski. D.3.32 Changes in release 3.21.4 Should now configure and compile on OSF1 4.0 with the DEC compiler. Configuration and compilation on BSD/OS 3.0 works, but due to some bugs in BSD/OS 3.0, `mysqld` doesn't work on it yet. Configuration and compilation on FreeBSD 3.0 works, but I couldn't get `pthread_create` to work. D.3.33 Changes in release 3.21.3 Added reverse check lookup of hostnames to get better security. Fixed some possible buffer overflows if filenames that are too long are used. `mysqld` doesn't accept hostnames that start with digits followed by a `'.'`, because the hostname may look like an IP number. Added `--skip-networking` option to `mysqld`, to only allow socket connections. (This will not work with MIT-pthreads!) Added check of too long table names for alias. Added check if database name is okay. Added check if too long table names. Removed incorrect `free()` that killed the server on `CREATE DATABASE` or `DROP DATABASE`. Changed some `mysqld` `-O` options to better names. Added `-O join_cache_size=#` option to `mysqld`. Added `-O max_join_size=#` option to `mysqld`, to be able to set a limit how big queries (in this case big = slow) one should be able to handle without specifying `SET OPTION SQL_BIG_SELECTS=1`. A # = is about 10 examined records. The default is ``unlimited''. When comparing a `TIME`, `DATE`, `DATETIME` or `TIMESTAMP` column to a constant, the constant is converted to a time value before performing the comparison. This will make it easier to get ODBC (particularly Access97) to work with the above types. It should also make dates easier to use and the comparisons should be quicker than before. Applied patch from Jochen Wiedmann that allows `query()` in `mysqlperl` to take a query with `\0` in it. Storing a timestamp with a 2-digit year (`YYMMDD`) didn't work. Fix that timestamp wasn't automatically updated if set in an `UPDATE` clause. Now the automatic timestamp field is the FIRST timestamp field. `SELECT * INTO OUTFILE`, which didn't correctly if the outfile already existed. `mysql` now shows the thread ID when starting or doing a reconnect. Changed the default sort buffer size from 2M to 1M. D.3.34 Changes in release 3.21.2 The range optimizer is coded, but only 85% tested. It can be enabled with `--new`, but it crashes core a lot yet... More portable. Should compile on AIX and alpha-digital. At least the `isam` library should be relatively 64-bit clean. New `isamchk` which can detect and fix more problems. New options for `isamlog`. Using new version of Automake. Many small portability changes (from the AIX and alpha-digital port) Better checking of pthread(s) library. czech error messages by snajdr@pvt.net. Decreased size of some buffers to get fewer problems on systems with little memory. Also added more checks to handle ``out of memory'' problems. `mysqladmin`: you can now do `mysqladmin kill 5,6,7,8` to kill multiple threads. When the maximum connection limit is reached, one extra connection by a user with the PROCESS_ACL privilege is granted. Added `-O backlog=#` option to `mysqld`. Increased maximum packet size from 512K to 1024K for client. Almost all of the function code is now tested in the internal test suite. `ALTER TABLE` now returns warnings from field conversions. Port changed to 3306 (got it reserved from ISI). Added a fix for Visual FoxBase so that any schema name from a table specification is automatically removed. New function `ASCII()`. Removed function `BETWEEN(a,b,c)`. Use the standard ANSI synax instead: `expr BETWEEN expr AND expr`. MySQL no longer has to use an extra temporary table when sorting on functions or `SUM()` functions. Fixed bug that you couldn't use `tbl_name.field_name` in `UPDATE`. Fixed `SELECT DISTINCT` when using 'hidden group'. For example: mysql> SELECT DISTINCT MOD(some_field,10) FROM test GROUP BY some_field; Note: `some_field` is normally in the `SELECT` part. ANSI SQL should require it. D.3.35 Changes in release 3.21.0 New keywords used: `INTERVAL`, `EXPLAIN`, `READ`, `WRITE`, `BINARY`. Added ODBC function `CHAR(num,...)`. New operator `IN`. This uses a binary search to find a match. New command `LOCK TABLES tbl_name [AS alias] {READ\|WRITE} ...` Added `--log-update` option to `mysqld`, to get a log suitable for incremental updates. New command `EXPLAIN SELECT ...` to get information about how the optimizer will do the join. For easier client code, the client should no longer use `FIELD_TYPE_TINY_BLOB`, `FIELD_TYPE_MEDIUM_BLOB`, `FIELD_TYPE_LONG_BLOB` or `FIELD_TYPE_VAR_STRING` (as previously returned by `mysql_list_fields`). You should instead only use `FIELD_TYPE_BLOB` or `FIELD_TYPE_STRING`. If you want exact types, you should use the command `SHOW FIELDS`. Added varbinary syntax: `0x######` which can be used as a string (default) or a number. `FIELD_TYPE_CHAR` is renamed to `FIELD_TYPE_TINY`. Changed all fields to C++ classes. Removed FORM struct. Fields with `DEFAULT` values no longer need to be `NOT NULL`. New field types: `ENUM` A string which can take only a couple of defined values. The value is stored as a 1-3 byte number that is mapped automatically to a string. This is sorted according to string positions! `SET` A string which may have one or many string values separated with ','. The string is stored as a 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- or 8-byte number where each bit stands for a specific set member. This is sorted according to the unsigned value of the stored packed number. Now all function calculation is done with `double` or `long long`. This will provide the full 64-bit range with bit functions and fix some conversions that previously could result in precision losses. One should avoid using `unsigned long long` columns with full 64-bit range (numbers bigger than 9223372036854775807) because calculations are done with `signed long long`. `ORDER BY` will now put `NULL` field values first. `GROUP BY` will also work with `NULL` values. Full `WHERE` with expressions. New range optimizer that can resolve ranges when some keypart prefix is constant. Example: mysql> SELECT * FROM tbl_name WHERE key_part_1="customer" AND key_part_2>=10 AND key_part_2<=10;