1. Introduction: Some remarks about learning

1.3 Is there a common denominator ?

• One learns by doing something (psychology)

• One learns by pursuing an instructional goal (education)

Learning as the Psychologists see it:

• needs external "conditioning" (behaviorism);

• Is related to active problem solving;
  • involves integration, construction and compilation of new content (cognitivism)

• is constrained by human cognitive capacities
  • (e.g. how much hypertext can we handle?)$

Several kinds of learning:

One does not learn by browsing, we need a variety of learning tasks (not just exploration)

Some pedagogical guidance is needed
(either by a teacher or by task/job requirements)

Learning as the Psychologists see it:

Several kinds of learning:

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