Table of Contents

• 2.1 Official VRML Sites and Working Groups
• 2.2 Frequently asked questions
• 2.3 VRML, VR and MUVE Indexes

• 3.1 Manuals and standards on-line
• 3.2 VRML 2 Books
• 3.3 3D File Formats (other) & APIs

• 4.1 Indexes, General & Basic
• 4.2 Advanced / Specific static VRML
• 4.3 Dynamic VRML and Scripting
• 4.4 Other & unclassified

• 5.1 Browsers and related
• 5.2 VRML Servers
• 5.3 Authoring Tools, Converters, etc.

• 6.1 General stuff (mostly translated 3-D drawings and textures)
• 6.2 Prototypes (see also other categories, e.g. widgets):
• 6.3 Textures:
• 6.4 Widgets:
• 6.5 JAVA Classes
• 6.6 Avatars
• 6.7 Not classified (yet):

• 7.1 The EAI Interface
• 7.2 Examples with Javas/VrmlScript or Java Scripting
• 7.3 Javascript Code Generation Examples
• 7.4 Other nice "Worlds" (Scenes)
• 7.5 Other/ Various

• 8.1 Bibliographies
• 8.2 General Texts on VRML and VRML-based VR
• 8.3 Multi-user / Virtual worlds
• 8.4 Intelligent Agents in virtual worlds
• 8.5 On-line Journals & Zines

• 9.1 Courses that teach/use VRML
• 9.2 Institutions
• 9.3 Mailinglists and Forums
• 9.4 "VRML" People
• 9.5 Local stuff

1 About, SEARCH this, all-in-one

You also can have all in one single file. Bad for browsing but searchable, though output is disgusting (since it just spits back elements found). So, IGNORE indentations! Provide a boolean keyword expression or a Perl regular expression as a search pattern.

2 Indexes and FAQs

2.1 Official VRML Sites and Working Groups

2.1.1 (Semi) Official VRML Sites

• The VRML Repository at SCSC... check The VRML Repository Swiss Mirror first (mirroring is not always up-to-date)
• VRML archive at SGI
• The VRML Consortium (the people who decide and who work on specifications)

2.1.2 Official and non-official VRML Working Groups

• For a list of the official working groups, check the Working Groups page.
• The Java-VRML Working Group
• DIS-(Distributed Interactive Simulation)-Java-VRML Working Group
• VRML Widgets Working Group "... will develop a component-based architecture for reusable, interoperable widgets, and create a widget repository to store, document, and classify these widgets."
• The EAI Working Group
• VRML Database Working Group
• VRML Humanoid Animation Working Group
• Living Worlds
• Interoperability/Conformance WG hosted at NIST

2.2 Frequently asked questions

• The Jan Hardenbergh's VRML FAQ
• VRML Review Board (VRB) FAQ. Technical VRML coordination and "say no" group ;)
• TheVRML/Java/Javascript FAQ (outdated ?) (at Areal).
• comp.lang.vrml FAQ
• VRML 2.0 EAI FAQ (external Java Interface)

2.3 VRML, VR and MUVE Indexes

2.3.1 Other VRML Indexes

• Bob Crispen's Index (most everything needed)
• Chris Hand's VRML Page
• The Mining Company's VRML site. More recent good site. Including a weekly newsletter.
• SGI's Index Probably best for finding nice worlds, but also a good resource for developpers.
• VRML Index at Cern
• The Vahoo VRML page
• Earth Web's VRML page (Gamelan)
• 3DSite: VRML contains specs, faqs, tutorials and more.
• La Réalité Virtuelle VRML un site en français).
• La Réalité Virtuelle: VRML (oui la même page ailleurs).
• VRML page de Thierry Blandet (en français aussi).
• Graeme Bennet's VRML News (weekly updates, includes other things too).
• Grafman's VR World (includes good examples, specs, etc.)
• Bernie's VRML Links (Co-author of Late Night VRML with Java)
• Virtual Reality: VRML Resources, Sites and FAQs an index from HITL.
• Pantheon (description needed) ( Entry for testers)

2.3.2 VR and virtual world indexes

• Dave's Virtual Reality Pages
• Lara's Virtual Reality Page Good for people with interest in education
• On the Net: Virtual Reality Online (very good! .. and HUGE)
• La Réalité Virtuelle Bon site français.
• Locally produced: Kaspar's Cyberspace Pointers
• Interactive 3D Worlds in the WWW. Good and nicely structured, but maybe not updated since 96 ? (slow from here).
• Distributed Virtual Environment Links (at Open Community/Mitsubishi), points to most major sites.
• Webdog's Virtual Reality (pointers to some multi-user clients)
• Norman Badler's Virtual Human Web Pointers.

3 Technical Manuals and Books

3.1 Manuals and standards on-line

3.1.1 VRML 2

• VRML 97 Spec installed at TECFA. US readers may want to read the VRML97 Specification available in the Specifications section of the VRML Consortium
• OLD!!VRML 2 Language specification. However, the Overview Section is still good reading (don't think there is one for VRML 97).
• The Annotated VRML 97 Reference Manual (the spec as book and more)
• YON's Handy VRML 2.0 Cheat-Sheet (syntax at-a-glance on 2 pages, PDF format!)
• Vrml Script Spec (local copy of Cosmo/SGI's Javascript implementation). The original page is at http://vrml.sgi.com/moving-worlds/spec/vrmlscript.html
• Java and Javascript API Summaries. (Sorry, password protected files from the VRML 2 SourceBook).
• Special Edition Using VRML (DEAD link of a on-line book of 700 pages).

3.1.2 Future standards

• EAI Interface Proposal by the EAI Authoring Interface Working Group. Meant to talk to other applications, e.g. external Java applets. Works with Cosmo Beta3/WorldView. Note: this is different from the Java/Script node authoring interface (JSAI) ( OLD SGI's External Authoring Interface Proposal, EAI).
• Living Worlds (Draft 2) Proposal (multi-user VRML 2)
• Living Worlds (Draft 1)
• Living Worlds (same at Blacksun)
• VRML++ proposal, extends VRML 2 (classes, inheritance, dynamic routing).

3.1.3 Sidelines

• ThinkFish (being artistic and unrealistic. Does this work only with QuickDraw 3D ?)

3.2 VRML 2 Books

• For starters: Hartman, J. et Wernecke, J. (1996). The VRML 2.0 Handbook, Building Moving Worlds on the Web. Addison Wesley, Reading (MA) + CD http://vrml.sgi.com/handbook/index.html. Includes discussion of a complete example !
• For the details (graphics): Ames, A. L., Nadeau, D. R., et Moreland, J. L. (1996a). The VRML 2.0 Sourcebook. Wiley, New York. +CD http://www.wiley.com/compbooks/vrml2sbk/cover/cover.htm. Lot's of graphics "tricks", not much on animation and scripting.
• For the details: The Annotated VRML 97 Reference Manual (the spec as as book and more)
• To move on: "Java for 3D and VRML Worlds" (New Riders ISBN: 1-56205-689-1) by lead Sony ArchLab research scientists Lea, Matsuda, and Miyashita. Teaches how to program active VRML scenes with the internal JAVA API.
• To move on further: "Late Night VRML 2.0 with Java" by Bernie Roehl, Justin Couch, Cindy Reed-Ballreich, Tim Rohaly, Geoff Brown.
• Question: Is there a hot book on javascripting VRML ?

3.3 3D File Formats (other) & APIs

3.3.1 Indexes:

• Computer Graphic Software. Best index I am aware of.
• 3D Object File Formats. Good (a bit old?) index at Cica, part of their Graphics Page.
• Wee-Flames' 3D Links, References, and Tutorials General "3D" Index.
• JAVA 3D Home Page (the VRML killer ??)

4 VRML 2 Tutorials

4.1 Indexes, General & Basic

4.1.1 Indexes

• Bob Crispen's Index
• SGI's VRML 2.0 Tutorials
• See also: Developper Resources at SGI, e.g. Tips & Tricks

4.1.2 Simple VRML 2.0 Geometry

• Den Nevins' VRML Tutorial Interactive (you can edit and try out VRML). code)

4.1.3 General Tutorials

• Le Tecfa VRML Primer (under development). Quality is not great (since I am learning VRML) but I use it to teach my classes :=). Some of the results are here in loose form.
• Chris Thornborrow's VRML 2.0 Tutorials. Recommended ! Contains concepts, introductory texts and examples.
• Index of Webreference Tutorials/Articles on 3D
• The Lighthouse tutorial, covers geometry and animation. (a mirror is at CERN). Highly recommended.
• Creating Integrated Web Content with VRML 2.0 by David Frerichs at SGI. Good with Cosmo ! Recommended examples (look at the node diagrams)
• Local copy of the SIGGraph'96 VRML Tutorial. Start from the Table of contents.
  (The original is at SDSC)
• Guide méthodologique de conception d'un server VRML (bon texte, mais démodé à part la section sur la configuration des serveurs).
• VRML 1.0 to 2.0 Conversion Diary in HitLab's VRML Notebook

4.1.4 General Advice on how to do a VRML project

• Do it yourself VRML by Gabriella Marks and John Shiple at Construct, needs a >256 colors screen ;)
• VRML That'll Rock Your .wrl by John Shiple and Gabriella Marks ( In Hotwired's WebMonkey)
• VRML 2.0 Tech Demo: Large Landscape Traversal Helps to build efficient large scenes.

4.2 Advanced / Specific static VRML

4.2.1 Assembling objects into a scene

• The Flashing Surfaces Problem by Chris Thornborrow. (Why should think about the scales you are using)
• See also: Tutorials that come with assembly tools (such as Community Place Conductor, CosmoWorlds etc.)

4.2.2 VRML and HTML

• using the Frame tag with VRML

4.2.3 Texture

• Cindy Reed-Ballreich's Texture mapping tutorial (very good, both for VRML 1 and 2 !)

4.3 Dynamic VRML and Scripting

4.3.1 Moving VRML 2.0 without scripting

• Westlake Tutorial. An event, sensor, interpolator, ROUTE example.
• Cyber Android by by Robert W. Saint John

4.3.2 Javascript Scripting with the Script node

• See also: The Javascript Scripting Reference
• Vijay Mukhi's Tutorial, Cosmo-Centered (Sensor, Route, Interpolator, Vrmlscript). Nice !
• Matt Leonard's Tutorial (includes scripting).... some examples don't work with Cosmo Win Beta 3 (Feb 18 97)
• Markus Roskothen's Tutorial Introduction to routing and scripting, works with Cosmo Win Beta 3
• Pioneer Joel's tutorials have some nice VRML 2 generation examples with Javascript.
• An Introduction to VRML 2.0 Animation Techniques for the Production Animator by Michael Natkin, Silicon Graphics. GOOD stuff!

4.3.3 JAVA and VRML - Setting it up - General Issues

• Starting with Netscape 4 you may run into tricky security problems, e.g. if you want to load classes on the client side (e.g. for VermelGen, for Networking). See Communicator Preferences.
• Bob Crispen's hints on how to set up you PC for several clients.
• Tutoriel VRML-JAVA (y compris comment installer les logiciels), locally produced.
• SEE also Dealing with Netscape Securtiy by Justin Couch if you dream writing e.g. applets run locally with Netscape.

4.3.4 JAVA Scripting with the Script node

• See also: The Java Scripting Reference Specification.
• Hermetica (Interfacing Java and VRML) by Alligator Descartes. NICE tutorial !
• See the VRMLSite Feb/March 97 issues for a JAVA + VRML Tutorial ( part 1 and part 2 by Rodger Lea and Advanced VRML: Special Effects and Concurrency.

4.3.5 VRML Scripting/Generation with an external API

• See also: EAI Authoring Interface Working Group and SGI's External Authoring Interface Proposal (EAI). For a conceptual overview, read the "VRML Is - Java Does - And the EAI Can Help" article from which this picture has been stolen.. The reason why it's here: It's a nice example on how to express a concept with a picture. Note that some day the internal and external Java interfaces might be merged (see: the Java-Vrml working group).
• Java and VRML by Claudio Riva (good text with focus on EAI and JVerge)
• Integrating VRML2.0 with Java using Netscape's Live Connect (by Kimbro Staken)
• Tutoriel VRML-JAVA (y compris comment installer les logiciels), locally produced.
• VRML generation A posting to the sony-cp mailing list by Justin Couch.
• Graphman's VR World (contains a External Authoring Interface) Tutorial, e.g. allowing to communicate among frames (like you can do with Javascript)
• VRML 2.0 EAI FAQ (external Java Interface, also contains examples)
• SEE also: the general section on JAVA and VRML just above !!
• Creating A Javascript Interface For The Cosmoplayer Vrml Plugin Netscape Tech Note.

4.4 Other & unclassified

4.4.1 VRML generation with CGI

• ASL Finger-spelling in VRML Cool Site, visit.
• Advanced uses of VRML (by Clay Graham, VRML 1.0, but useful !)
• See also: various Webstats programs, e.g. 3Dstats (VRML 1.0)
• See also: Grafman's VR World Examples show what you could do (but source is not available ?).
• Lava Lamp Construction Set (untested)

4.4.2 Multi-user Worlds

• Community Place Authoring Tutorials. (list of topics growing with time). Note that Sony's Community Place is a life project and one can start work easily (and at no cost) with the limited PC server version.

4.4.3 Others and untested

• dFORM's VRML audio tutorial
• Early Ehlinger's VRML 2.0 tutorial
• Robert St. John's WebWorlds tutorial
• SGI's How to Create VRML
• Rick Spaulding's VRML Tutorial

5 Software

5.1 Browsers and related

5.1.1 Important:

5.1.2 VRML 2.0 Browsers

• Community Place (PC) Server, browser, plugin and CP tool from Sony JP. (Sony US mirror). Multi-user capable.
• Cosmo 2.0 (for Win95, Irix and Mac in unspecified future grrrr !). BEST choice as of Dec 97, check SGI's FTP archive for various versions.
• Live3D 2.0 (works with Netscape 3, Win95 only ... forget that
• RealSpace Viewer (Win95, Mac) by LivePicture (formerly RealVR Traveler by RealSpace).
• WorldView (Win95, Mac versions) by Intervista.
• Heat by Newfire (announced for mid-march 97), promised to be fast.
• Liquid Reality (PC, some Unix, written in Java) by Dimension X.
• Casus Presenter (looks like a good solution for old Sun's, but needs OpenInventor and other stuff (??) installed)
• VRwave. Free VRML 2 Browser. Runs on most platforms (not fully VRML 2 compliant but getting there, see the release notes). It's good enough to do EAI exercices on an old Sun :)
• Open Worlds VRML support for C++ and Java, customizable (commercial) VRML browsers and libraries.

5.1.3 Indexes / Comparison

• Gregory Seidman's Browser Implementation Comparison (VRML 2) .. short and serious ! See also the work of the Interoperability/Conformance WG hosted at NIST.
• Greg Roelof's PNG support in VRML Browsers (+ a few other things)
• Grafman's VRML Tools Review
• Browsers and Plug-ins at the Swiss VRML Repository.

5.1.4 VRML 2 libraries (for your own application)

• Open Worlds "OpenWorlds is a library and execution environment that will help you to bring VRML 2.0 compatibility to your applications."

5.1.5 Graphics Libraries

• Open Inventor from SGI is an object-oriented toolkit for developing interactive, 3D graphics applications. It also defines a standard file format for exchanging 3D data among applications. Open Inventor serves as the basis for the VRML. For non-SGI platforms, see: Open Inventor from TGS.. Open Inventor is implemented in OpenGL

5.1.6 At Tecfa ....

• ftp://tecfa.unige.ch/pub/software/win95/www/ns-plugins/ Netscape plugin directory.
• ftp://tecfa.unige.ch/pub/software/win95/www/ns-plugins/cosmo/ Cosmo player
• ftp://tecfa.unige.ch/pub/software/win95/www/ns-plugins/sony/ Sony products, cpn**.exe is the community browser plugin.

5.2 VRML Servers

5.2.1 Multi-User Worlds

• Community Place. Server, browser, plugin and CP tool from Sony JP. (Sony US mirror). Browsers are free, free limited PC server.
• See also Sony'sStarship trooper's game (direct link)
• OZ Interactive. Server and plugin (both 2D and 3D VRML 2.0). Both products are free. (alternative URL).
• blaxxun interactive (used to be black sun interactive). Free Browser and free limited server. (Community Server Docs - Authoring page - Developper Blaxxun CC3D ) * See also: german site and the Blaxxun Web Ring.
• Utopia from OnLive.
• Open Community (ex Universal Worlds) from Mitsubishi.
• VNet, a multi-user VRML space running with any VRML 2 compliant browser (either EAI or script node). The source for VNet Beta is availabe for FREE (GPL) ! (Direct vnet Entry).
• Pueblo Originally a 2D MUD client/server architure, it does VRML.
• Improv Project at NYU's Media Research Lab.
• See also: Future standards

5.3 Authoring Tools, Converters, etc.

5.3.1 On-line VRML Tools

• Degrees to Radians conversion script.
• VRML Camera Calculator

5.3.2 VRML Tools

• Check the The VRML Repository
• Authoring Tools Index at Construct.
• ZD3D, ZDNET's VRML Tools Index.
• Attached to the "The Web Goes 3-D" article, PCMag also evaluates a few fools.
• See also: Developper Resources at SGI

5.3.3 Tools Comparison

• ZD Labs' Creating the Perfect World compares 6 tools (from $70 to $ 3500).

5.3.4 Free Tools

• VermelGen. A Free VRML 2.0 Modelling Editor. Platform independant (works with Java and the External Authoring Interface).... a bit difficult to install (I failed for Cosmo/Irix).
• JVerge, A Free VRML 2.0 Node Java Class Library
• VermelTrap, VermelTrap, A GNU VRML Scenegraph Debugger In Java

5.3.5 Cheap Tools

• Paragraph (PC and Mac). I have Virtual Home Space Builder, Internet3D Space Builder and Font Magic. Internet3D Space Builder ($70/$90, Win95/NT only) is the most useful.
• Virtus. Check 3-D Website Builder.
• V-REALM Builder (good, but more expensive, for Win95)

5.3.6 Tools to hand-edit VRML

• Various emacs modes, (VRML support is installed in xemacs as vrml-mode.el) for gnu-emacs get inventor mode, iv.el).
• Modelworks sells SitePad for Win95, a VRML/HMTL/Javascript editor (not tested, demo available). Probably useful if don't want to install emacs.

5.3.7 VRML code verification

• Vorlon (formerly vrmllint) from Trapezium (FREE software, needs JDK or JRE 1.1.x / Installed at Tecfa). Instructions
• Shadows VRML97 syntax checker.

5.3.8 Converters

• vrml1to2 (vrml 1 to vrml2 converter, installed at Tecfa)
• bsp2wrl2. Converts Quake II worlds to VRML.

5.3.9 Hardware

• Dimensions 3D Home Page Has useful information on graphics cards (among other things)
• PC 3D Graphics Accelarators FAQ (currently under revision)
• Currently (Feb 97) 3Dfx Voodoo based cards, e.g. Diamond's Monster 3D or Orchids' Righteous 3D. seem to be a cheap way to get good 3D performance for doing simple VRML. (though i have no idea what rendering library they support, probably MS Direct3D first).

6 VRML Code & Object Libraries

6.1 General stuff (mostly translated 3-D drawings and textures)

• Models & Textures in Developper Resources at SGI. Lots of nice stuff.
• Free VRML objects from 3Name3D (about 25)
• VRMLlion has a library with several object categories (not tested yet).

6.2 Prototypes (see also other categories, e.g. widgets):

• VRML Prototype library at Visible Decisions Inc.
• Braden's VRML Prototypes. Free for non-commercial use.

6.3 Textures:

• Textures at the VRML depository (Swiss mirror Textures

6.4 Widgets:

• Widgets Working Group Ressources Page
• VRML 2 Widgets by Gregory Seidman, e.g. buttons, FREELY available ! Thanx :)
• VRML 2.0 Tracking Viewpoint Widget by Tom Kaye. Very nice stuff including roller coaster and car example.

6.5 JAVA Classes

• Jverge A Free VRML 2.0 Node Java Class Library by Justin Couch.

6.6 Avatars

• INDEX: See theVRML Humanoid Animation Working Group Home Page.
• INDEX: Avatar Resources at Blaxxun.
• Matt Beitler's Avatars (See source for copyright info).
• Avatar Den at Blaxxun
• See also the Universal Avatar's Home Page for a proposal (no available objects).
• Virtual Humanoids in VRML at the LIG/EPFL.

6.7 Not classified (yet):

• Objects,avatars,spaces and behaviors at Construct Internet Design
• The vertex. Large and nice Database for many kinds of VRML objects.
• The UK VR-SIG 3D Object Archive. See the Search Page.
• Cool Worlds for Live3D 2.0 (Netscape's index includes pointers to objet libraries).
• "The Most Complete List of VRML 2.0 URLs"(?) at the VRML Site Mag.
• The WebLynx library, large but unsorted.

7 Examples

7.1 The EAI Interface

• Proposal for a VRML 2.0 Informative Annex - External Authoring Interface Reference
• EAI Working Group
• SGI's Creating Interactive Java Applications with 3D and VRML (Tutorial sort of paper)
• EAI FAQ (including how to install, examples, sites, etc.)

7.1.1 Larger Worlds

• Soccer Virtual System (SVS) (has problems on Cosmo/Irix)
• InterActive Physics World from Cicada. See their VRML page for other stuff. READ the instructions first.
• The Frank Project A tool for vrml programmers, in order to include a human in their worlds. (Nice project, Cosmo 1.0 only ?).
• The Mincom Minescape Demo demonstrates the power of VRML 2.0 as a platform for complex business visualizations. Read the Technical Discussion . Other examples are available at Oracle's VRML Cartridge Home Page.

7.1.2 Navigation

• "Descent Navigation" (found in the EAI page at SGI). Shows how to program navigation buttons and keys in an applet. We do have a version locally

7.1.3 Visualization

• PellucidVRML 2.0 shading model applet, Not just a good demo, will also teach you about VRML colors and shading. ( Pellucid, Cosmo 1.x version)
• Some projects by Markus Roskothen use the EAI, e.g. an animated BarChart or Interactive Control of a Robot.
• 3D Topographic Maps with Dynamic Color Legend by Augustine Su
• Tetrahedonism TetraHedonism uses computer graphics as a creative medium per se :)

7.1.4 Authoring

• Sanbaso Keyframe Animation System.
• The VRML Extrusion Creator! by Greg Seidman.
• TestExternal Reverse Authoring :) ... a simple demo that shows how to extract nodes from a scene. See also VermelTrap (TODO).
• VermelGen (TODO)

7.1.5 Games

• Crazy Eights 3D (not tested)
• Tic-Tac_Toe (Small example)

7.1.6 Experiments

• Visual Encoding of Environments

7.1.7 To be processed

• Aliens3D - is a simple multiuser world
• Michael Paulitsch's VRML Examples have some good EAI stuff.

7.2 Examples with Javas/VrmlScript or Java Scripting

7.2.1 Sites containing examples

• VRML Gallery (http://vrml.sgi.com/worlds/)
• The VRML Repository (http://www.sdsc.edu/vrml/)
• Fornax (http://vrml.fornax.hu/vrmllist)
• VRMLSite Magazine - VRML Java VRML more VRML and VRML Virtual Worlds 3D Virtual Reality (http://www.vrmlsite.com/)
• Hoang-Anh Virtual Worlds (VRML) (http://clement.info.umoncton.ca/%7Esissi/index.html)

7.2.2 Animals

• Elephant: Various Viewpoints to look at an elephant and a handler to move its trunk. (In the Reaction and Interaction Section from SGI's SigGraph 97 VRML course)
• Bouncing Hueys: Move little persons and see the bounce for a while. (In the Reaction and Interaction Section from SGI's SigGraph 97 VRML course)

7.2.3 Navigation

• Desert FoldUp: Click on a book that opens and move viewpoint into the scene. (In the Reaction and Interaction Section from SGI's SigGraph 97 VRML course)
• The Dungeon of VRMLGame implemented in VRML 2, only works with Cosmo 1.01 ??. Very good example that shows VRML's potential for gaming. (used in the Navigation Section from SGI's SigGraph 97 VRML course)
• Elevator Demo A real elevator with buttons, various viewpoints. See also this author's other examples and widgets. (In the Navigation Section from SGI's SigGraph 97 VRML course)

7.2.4 Visualization

• Wind Tunnel by Tom Kaye: You can move a wing in a tunnel, see forces and hear soundeffect. Nice use of proximity sensor to build a control panel. See also his other examples and widgets
• Medical Visualization in VRML 2 by Chris Thornborrow : Plan Selector moving though a head and showing cuts on a "TV screen".

7.2.5 Various

• The Heart Hotel (http://www.itp.tsoa.nyu.edu/~student/yorbClass/Web/hotel/)
• The Fish doesn't think. The Fish knows .... everything (http://vrml.fornax.hu/aqua/)
• A railway model (http://vrml.fornax.hu/train/)
• Flowers and Butterflies (http://www.deanmoor.nl/users/roland/flowers/flowers.wrl)
• Chess play (http://www.digitalwizards.com.au/VRML/)
• FMWORLD: VRML (http://www.fujitsu.co.jp/hypertext/fmworld/v_land/e/index.html)
• 2d intro page (http://www.construct.net/projects/ntt/about/)

7.3 Javascript Code Generation Examples

• Adrian's Grapher (VRML 1.0 !!)
• Object Creation by Yasuyuki Suzuki (VRML 1.0 !!)
• Javascript VRML Builder at Orbitor.
• Alpha VRML Plot by Plotr Gawryslak.

7.4 Other nice "Worlds" (Scenes)

• Tele Experiments (participe as a subject)
• Virtual Reality in Statistics Visualize your Data on-line with VRML I (part of the GASP project.
• Flook (The famous animated cartoon from SGI).
• VRML II Examples (Internet's 40 Best VRML Worlds at http://vrml.sgi.com/)
• SGI's large store of nice worlds (browsing through them might help solving many problems and give you design ideas)
• The Tenochtitlan Web Site (Buy the book too, it gives a good and gentle introduction to VRML 2)
• World of Worlds A Globe of the Earth with a collection of links to real life featuring worlds.
• Chessboard Example (Touch- and Planesensors + Javascript)
• New York - Paris Metro (Cameras, routes, efficient geometry, sound)
• A railway model (among other nice things, features a control panel)
• Walking Salamander (interpolators, sensors and vrmlscript)
• Virtual Design Exhibition (commercial product exhibition)

7.5 Other/ Various

• VRML II Test Suite at NIST the (US) National Institute of Standards (under construction, March 97).

8 Good on-line texts

8.1 Bibliographies

• HITL's Distributed Virtual Environments Bibliography (very good, includes now a VRML bibliography ... and much more, e.g. the Virtual Reality in Training and Education: Resource Guide to Citations and Online Information)
• Literaturseminar für Dissertantinnen und Dissertanten (Good list of references on active 3D Model Worlds and Multi User Interactive 3D Worlds on the WWW).

8.2 General Texts on VRML and VRML-based VR

• Cyberspace, by Pesce, Kennard and Parisi. "Cyberspace Protocol" proposal.
• The Great Leap Downward (Mark Pesce on the politics of VRML that triggered quite some discussion, e.g. within this feedmag forum).
• Is VRML for real? (4/97) on MsNbc.
• Constructs and Même-ing: An Essay in Three Dimensions by Stephen N. Matsuba (needs a VRML 2 browsers)

8.3 Multi-user / Virtual worlds

• Issues in the design of a scalable shared virtual environment for the Internet b Lea, Honda & Matsuda. Overview of Sonys "Virtual Society Project" (includes Community Place and Dive).
• Virtual Society: Collaboration in 3D spaces on the Internet by Lea, Honda & Matsuda. Sonys "Virtual Society Project", Community Place.
• Community Place presentation (slides) by Rodger Lea at VRML '97.
• Community Place: Architecture and Performance by Rodger Lea, Yasuaki Honda, Kouchi Matsuda and Satoru Matsuda at VRML '97.
• VRML and the Web: A Basis for Multi-User Virtual Environments on the Internet by Wolfgang Broll. See also the (his?) VRML++ proposal.
• Multi-User VRML Environments by Bruce Damer (Non technical overview of some popular worlds).

8.4 Intelligent Agents in virtual worlds

• Automatisierte Charaktere in virtuellen Welten, a page containing the diploma work (text and code) of Ernst Hauke. See also the NetzVision / Villa Utopia project.

8.5 On-line Journals & Zines

• Focus on VRML has regular updates of VRML News (in addition to other stuff)
• VRMLSite Home Page of VRMLSite Magazine. Includes a nice JAVA+Vrml Tutorial (feb/march 97). See the full index of articles.
• ZDNet's VRML page, e.g. articles by Pesce, Parisi and Martineau)
• The VRML UpDate Newsletter is issued biweekly to help keep the 3D modeling and VRML community updated on what's new.
• VRML Review (still updated ?)

9 Other things

9.1 Courses that teach/use VRML

• At vrml.sgi.com: Learning and Teaching about VRML
• Building 3D Virtual Environments Matthew Lewis at Ohio State.

9.2 Institutions

9.2.1 Research & Development Pages

• VRML Page at GMD
• The University of Manchester's VRML in Art and Design
• Euro-VRML (Research, Meetings, etc.)

9.3 Mailinglists and Forums

• The VRML Mailing List: Discussion about technical issues and the VRML Standards.
• Archive of the VRML Behaviors Mailing List
• VRML_University ( - Frame Version) at Electric Minds.

9.4 "VRML" People

• Who is who in VR (not necessarily VRML related) papers)

9.5 Local stuff

• VRML guides directory at Tecfa (including some example code and mirrored tutorials)
• Le Tecfa VRML Primer (under development)
• Tecfa VRML projects and objects directory

9.5.1 Bookmarks (sites not yet examined)

• jeffs stuff, e.g. http://tcc.iz.net/~jeffs/vrmLab/index.html