MySQL Reference Manual for version 3.23.24-beta.

1 General Information about MySQL
- 1.1 What is MySQL
- 1.2 About this manual
  - 1.2.1 Conventions used in this manual
- 1.3 History of MySQL
- 1.4 Books about MySQL
- 1.5 The main features of MySQL
- 1.6 How stable is MySQL?
- 1.7 Year 2000 compliance
- 1.8 General SQL information and tutorials
- 1.9 Useful MySQL-related links
2 MySQL mailing lists and how to ask questions or report errors (bugs)
- 2.1 The MySQL mailing lists
- 2.2 Asking questions or reporting bugs
- 2.3 How to report bugs or problems
- 2.4 Guidelines for answering questions on the mailing list
3 MySQL licensing and support
- 3.1 MySQL licensing policy
- 3.4 Copyrights used by MySQL
  - 3.4.1 Copyright changes
- 3.5 Example licensing situations
- 3.6 MySQL licensing and support costs
  - 3.6.1 Payment information
  - 3.6.2 Contact information
- 3.7 Types of commercial support
4 Installing MySQL
- 4.1 How to get MySQL
- 4.2 Operating systems supported by MySQL
- 4.3 Which MySQL version to use
- 4.4 How and when updates are released
- 4.5 Installation layouts
- 4.6 Installing a MySQL binary distribution
- 4.7 Installing a MySQL source distribution
- 4.8 Problems compiling?
- 4.9 MIT-pthreads notes
- 4.10 Perl installation comments
- 4.11 System-specific issues
- 4.12 Windows notes
- 4.13 OS/2 notes
- 4.14 MySQL binaries
- 4.15 Post-installation setup and testing
- 4.16 Is there anything special to do when upgrading/downgrading MySQL?
5 How standards-compatible is MySQL?
- 5.1 MySQL extensions to ANSI SQL92
- 5.2 Running MySQL in ANSI mode
- 5.3 MySQL differences compared to ANSI SQL92
- 5.4 Functionality missing from MySQL
- 5.5 What standards does MySQL follow?
- 5.6 How to cope without COMMIT/ROLLBACK
6 The MySQL access privilege system
- 6.1 General security
- 6.2 How to make MySQL secure against crackers
- 6.3 What the privilege system does
- 6.4 MySQL user names and passwords
- 6.5 Connecting to the MySQL server
- 6.6 Keeping your password secure
- 6.7 Privileges provided by MySQL
- 6.8 How the privilege system works
- 6.9 Access control, stage 1: Connection verification
- 6.10 Access control, stage 2: Request verification
- 6.11 When privilege changes take effect
- 6.12 Setting up the initial MySQL privileges
- 6.13 Adding new user privileges to MySQL
- 6.14 How to set up passwords
- 6.15 Causes of Access denied errors
7 MySQL language reference
- 7.1 Literals: how to write strings and numbers
  - 7.1.1 Strings
  - 7.1.2 Numbers
  - 7.1.3 Hexadecimal values
  - 7.1.4 NULL values
  - 7.1.5 Database, table, index, column and alias names
    - 7.1.5.1 Case sensitivity in names
- 7.2 User variables
- 7.3 Column types
  - 7.3.1 Column type storage requirements
  - 7.3.5 Numeric types
  - 7.3.6 Date and time types
  - 7.3.7 String types
  - 7.3.8 Choosing the right type for a column
  - 7.3.9 Column indexes
  - 7.3.10 Multiple-column indexes
  - 7.3.11 Using column types from other database engines
- 7.4 Functions for use in SELECT and WHERE clauses
  - 7.4.1 Grouping functions
  - 7.4.2 Normal arithmetic operations
  - 7.4.3 Bit functions
  - 7.4.4 Logical operations
  - 7.4.5 Comparison operators
  - 7.4.6 String comparison functions
  - 7.4.7 Cast operators
  - 7.4.8 Control flow functions
  - 7.4.9 Mathematical functions
  - 7.4.10 String functions
  - 7.4.11 Date and time functions
  - 7.4.12 Miscellaneous functions
  - 7.4.13 Functions for use with GROUP BY clauses
- 7.5 CREATE DATABASE syntax
- 7.6 DROP DATABASE syntax
- 7.7 CREATE TABLE syntax
  - 7.7.1 Silent column specification changes
- 7.8 ALTER TABLE syntax
- 7.9 RENAME TABLE syntax
- 7.10 DROP TABLE syntax
- 7.11 OPTIMIZE TABLE syntax
- 7.12 CHECK TABLE syntax
- 7.13 ANALYZE TABLE syntax
- 7.14 REPAIR TABLE syntax
- 7.15 DELETE syntax
- 7.16 SELECT syntax
- 7.17 JOIN syntax
- 7.18 INSERT syntax
- 7.19 REPLACE syntax
- 7.20 LOAD DATA INFILE syntax
- 7.21 UPDATE syntax
- 7.22 USE syntax
- 7.23 FLUSH syntax (clearing caches)
- 7.24 KILL syntax
- 7.25 SHOW syntax (Get information about tables, columns,...)
  - 7.25.1 SHOW information about database, tables, columns and index
  - 7.25.2 SHOW status information about tables
  - 7.25.3 SHOW status information
  - 7.25.4 SHOW VARIABLES
  - 7.25.5 SHOW information about connected threads (processes)
  - 7.25.6 SHOW GRANTS (privileges) for a user
  - 7.25.7 SHOW CREATE TABLE
- 7.26 EXPLAIN syntax (Get information about a SELECT)
- 7.27 DESCRIBE syntax (Get information about columns)
- 7.28 BEGIN/COMMIT/ROLLBACK syntax
- 7.29 LOCK TABLES/UNLOCK TABLES syntax
- 7.30 SET syntax
- 7.31 GRANT and REVOKE syntax
- 7.32 CREATE INDEX syntax
- 7.33 DROP INDEX syntax
- 7.34 Comment syntax
- 7.35 CREATE FUNCTION/DROP FUNCTION syntax
- 7.36 Is MySQL picky about reserved words?
8 MySQL table types
- 8.1 MyISAM tables
  - 8.1.1 Space needed for keys
  - 8.1.2 MyISAM table formats
- 8.2 ISAM tables
- 8.3 HEAP tables
- 8.4 BDB or Berkeley_db tables
9 MySQL Tutorial
- 9.1 Connecting to and disconnecting from the server
- 9.2 Entering queries
- 9.3 Examples of common queries
- 9.4 Searching on two keys
- 9.5 Creating and using a database
- 9.6 Getting information about databases and tables
- 9.7 Using mysql in batch mode
- 9.8 Queries from twin project
  - 9.8.1 Find all non-distributed twins
  - 9.8.2 Show a table on twin pair status
10 MySQL server functions
- 10.1 What languages are supported by MySQL?
- 10.2 How big MySQL tables can be
11 Replication in MySQL
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Replication Implementation Overview
- 11.3 HOWTO
- 11.4 Replication Features
- 11.5 Replication Options in my.cnf
- 11.6 SQL commands related to replication
12 Getting maximum performance from MySQL
- 12.1 Optimization overview
- 12.2 System/Compile time and startup parameter tuning
- 12.3 Get your data as small as possible
- 12.4 How MySQL uses indexes
- 12.5 Speed of queries that access or update data
- 12.6 Other optimization tips
- 12.7 Using your own benchmarks
- 12.8 Design choices
- 12.9 MySQL design limitations/tradeoffs
- 12.10 Portability
- 12.11 What have we used MySQL for?
13 The MySQL benchmark suite
14 MySQL Utilites
- 14.1 Overview of the different MySQL programs
- 14.2 The command line tool
- 14.3 Administering a MySQL server
- 14.4 Dumping the structure and data from MySQL databases and tables
- 14.5 Importing data from text files
- 14.6 Showing databases, tables and columns
- 14.7 The MySQL compressed read-only table generator.
15 Maintaining a MySQL installation
- 15.1 Using myisamchk for table maintenance and crash recovery
  - 15.1.1 myisamchk invocation syntax
  - 15.1.2 myisamchk memory usage
- 15.2 Setting up a table maintenance regimen
- 15.3 Getting information about a table
- 15.4 Using myisamchk for crash recovery
- 15.5 Log file maintenance
16 Adding new functions to MySQL
- 16.1 Adding a new user-definable function
- 16.2 Adding a new native function
17 Adding new procedures to MySQL
- 17.1 Procedure analyse
- 17.2 Writing a procedure.
18 MySQL ODBC Support
- 18.1 Operating systems supported by MyODBC
- 18.2 How to fill in the various fields in the ODBC administrator program
- 18.3 How to report problems with MyODBC
- 18.4 Programs known to work with MyODBC
- 18.5 How to get the value of an AUTO_INCREMENT column in ODBC
- 18.6 Reporting problems with MyODBC
19 Using MySQL with some common programs
- 19.1 Using MySQL with Apache
20 Problems and common errors
- 20.1 How to determine what is causing problems
- 20.2 What to do if MySQL keeps crashing
- 20.3 Problems when linking with the MySQL client library
- 20.4 Some common errors when using MySQL
  - 20.4.1 MySQL server has gone away error
  - 20.4.2 Can't connect to [local] MySQL server error
  - 20.4.3 Host '...' is blocked error
  - 20.4.4 Too many connections error
  - 20.4.5 Out of memory error
  - 20.4.6 Packet too large error
  - 20.4.7 Communication errors / Aborted connection
  - 20.4.8 The table is full error
  - 20.4.9 Can't create/write to file error.
  - 20.4.10 Commands out of sync error in client
  - 20.4.11 Ignoring user error
  - 20.4.12 Table 'xxx' doesn't exist error
- 20.5 How MySQL handles a full disk
- 20.6 How to run SQL commands from a text file
- 20.7 Where MySQL stores temporary files
- 20.8 How to protect `/tmp/mysql.sock' from being deleted
- 20.9 Access denied error
- 20.10 How to run MySQL as a normal user
- 20.11 How to reset a forgotten password.
- 20.12 Problems with file permissions
- 20.13 File not found
- 20.14 Problems using DATE columns
- 20.15 Timezone problems
- 20.16 Case sensitivity in searches
- 20.17 Problems with NULL values
- 20.18 Problems with alias
- 20.19 Deleting rows from related tables
- 20.20 Solving problems with no matching rows
- 20.21 Problems with ALTER TABLE.
- 20.22 How to change the order of columns in a table
21 Solving some common problems with MySQL
- 21.1 Database replication with update log
- 21.2 Database backups
- 21.3 The update log
- 21.4 The slow query log
- 21.5 Running multiple MySQL servers on the same machine
22 MySQL client tools and APIs
- 22.1 MySQL C API
- 22.2 C API datatypes
- 22.3 C API function overview
- 22.4 C API function descriptions
- 22.5 MySQL Perl API
- 22.6 MySQL Eiffel wrapper
- 22.7 MySQL Java connectivity (JDBC)
- 22.8 MySQL PHP API
  - 22.8.1 Common problems with MySQL and PHP
- 22.9 MySQL C++ APIs
- 22.10 MySQL Python APIs
- 22.11 MySQL Tcl APIs
23 How MySQL compares to other databases
- 23.1 How MySQL compares to mSQL
- 23.2 How MySQL compares to PostgreSQL
24 MySQL internals
- 24.1 MySQL threads
- 24.2 MySQL full-text search
A Environment variables
B Some MySQL users
- B.1 General news sites
- B.2 Some Web search engines
- B.3 Some Information search engines concentrated on some area
- B.4 Online magazines
- B.5 Web sites that use MySQL as a backend
- B.6 Some Domain/Internet/Web and related services
- B.7 Web sites that use PHP and MySQL
- B.8 Some MySQL consultants
- B.9 Programming
- B.10 Uncategorized pages
C Contributed programs
- C.1 API's
- C.2 Clients
- C.3 Web tools
- C.4 Performance Benchmarking tools
- C.5 Authentication tools
- C.6 Converters
- C.7 Using MySQL with other products
- C.8 Useful tools
- C.9 RPMs for common tools (Most are for RedHat 6.1)
- C.10 Useful functions
- C.11 Uncategorized
D Contributors to MySQL
E MySQL change history
- E.1 Changes in release 3.23.x (Recommended; beta)
- E.2 Changes in release 3.22.x
- E.3 Changes in release 3.21.x
- E.4 Changes in release 3.20.x
- E.5 Changes in release 3.19.x
F Known errors and design deficiencies in MySQL
G List of things we want to add to MySQL in the future (The TODO)
- G.1 Things that must done in the real near future
- G.2 Things that have to be done sometime
- G.3 Some things we don't have any plans to do
H Comments on porting to other systems
- H.1 Debugging a MySQL server
- H.2 Debugging a MySQL client
- H.3 The DBUG package.
- H.4 Locking methods
- H.5 Comments about RTS threads
- H.6 Differences between different thread packages
I Description of MySQL regular expression syntax
J What is Unireg?
K GNU General Public License
L GNU Library General Public License
SQL command, type and function index
Concept Index

This document was generated on 7 September 2000 using the texi2html translator version 1.52 (extended by davida@detron.se).