Conclusion

There is finally a test that allows to determine if the sequence of observations depends on the past state of the system. Investigators do not have to rely only of counts and "simple" probabilities. The $X^2$ or $G^2$ tests are appropriate statistics, if one follows its principles and prerequisites. Their limitations were discussed in this section.

These tests apply to the overall dynamics of the system. Investigators willing to examine a specific transition should consult the following section (5.2).