Pictographic
Characters:These characters originated from the drawings of the
forms of the objects. E.g.
or ()
means "the Sun".
or ()
means "the Moon".
() means "ox".
() means "horn".
() means "tooth", etc.
Things-referring Characters: These characters are based on the pictographic
characters, adding one or more strokes or symbols to show what they mean.
For example, the character
is a pictographic character meaning "wood". If we add a short stroke "_"
to the lower part of it, it becomes
which means exactly "the root of the tree". But If we put the little stroke
on the upper part of the character, it becomes
which means, on the contrary, the "treetop".
Meaning-exposing Characters: This kind of characters are combinations
of two or more characters, bearing both of the meanings of the original
two words and then producing a new meaning. For example, (sharp)
is made up of two parts:
(small) and (big).
That means something with a "small" top and a "big" bottom and therefore
it becomes sharp. Other examples are:
(small) and (earth)
make (dust),
(sun) above "__" (horizon) makes
(dawn / daybreak) and three
(person) make (many
people), etc.
Pictophonetic Charaters: These are charaters with two parts: "meaning
/form" component and "sound" component. According to the ways of combination
they are further divided into six kinds:
"form" left and "sound" right: (river)
is composed of
which means "water" (generally speaking, things which have something to
do with water usually have this part e.g. lake, sea, ocean,
etc.) and which has
the same vowal sound. Another example is (aunt,
father's sister) composed of (woman,
and usually the women relatives bear this part, e.g. mother, sister, grandmother, aunt,
mother's sister, etc.) and which
has the same syllables (with the only difference of tones).
"form" right and "sound" left:
(waft / drift / flutter ) consists of (the
same sound) and (wind,
since only with wind things can waft or drift). Another example,
( success / achievements) has
(the same sound) and (effort),
which means something that needs efforts to obtain --- success.
"form" top and "sound" bottom:
with (the same sound)
and (grass / plant),
refers to a kind of grass or plant --- flower. And
with (bamboo) and
(of the same sound), means somthing made of bamboo --- fence (the ancient
one).
"form" bottom and "sound" top:
with (of the same
sound) and(container), means
a kind of container to be used to drink tea or alcohol --- handless cup.
with ( the same sound)
and (wood / tree),
an objects which has something to do with trees --- pear. Nearly all the
names of tree and their fruits have the part of
either on top (plum)
or on bottom (apple)
or on the left (peach).
form inside and sound outside: with
( sound---door, of the same vowal) and
( form---ear), means that with ear we can "hear". And
with (sound---door,
of the same vowal ) and
( form---mouth), means with mouth we "ask".
form outsideand sound inside :
(encircle / surround) has
(form--- mouth / encircle) and
( of the same sound). And (
pavillion) with (
of the same sound) and (
door or surround), means something that has doors or surrondings --- pavillion.