Go to the first, previous, next, last section, table of contents.

Arithmetic Operators

All of the usual simple operations on numbers are available to MOO programs:

+    -    *    /    %

These are, in order, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and remainder. In the following table, the expressions on the left have the corresponding values on the right:

5 + 2       =>   7
5 - 2       =>   3
5 * 2       =>   10
5 / 2       =>   2
5.0 / 2.0   =>   2.5
5 % 2       =>   1
5.0 % 2.0   =>   1.0
5 % -2      =>   1
-5 % 2      =>   -1
-5 % -2     =>   -1
-(5 + 2)    =>   -7

Note that integer division in MOO throws away the remainder and that the result of the remainder operator (`%') has the same sign as the left-hand operand. Also, note that `-' can be used without a left-hand operand to negate a numeric expression.

Fine point: Integers and floating-point numbers cannot be mixed in any particular use of these arithmetic operators; unlike some other programming languages, MOO does not automatically coerce integers into floating-point numbers. You can use the tofloat() function to perform an explicit conversion.

The `+' operator can also be used to append two strings. The expression

"foo" + "bar"

has the value

"foobar"

Unless both operands to an arithmetic operator are numbers of the same kind (or, for `+', both strings), the error value E_TYPE is raised. If the right-hand operand for the division or remainder operators (`/' or `%') is zero, the error value E_DIV is raised.

MOO also supports the exponentiation operation, also known as "raising to a power," using the `^' operator:

3 ^ 4       =>   81
3 ^ 4.5     error-->   E_TYPE
3.5 ^ 4     =>   150.0625
3.5 ^ 4.5   =>   280.741230801382

Note that if the first operand is an integer, then the second operand must also be an integer. If the first operand is a floating-point number, then the second operand can be either kind of number. Although it is legal to raise an integer to a negative power, it is unlikely to be terribly useful.


Go to the first, previous, next, last section, table of contents.